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Microlesson · 5-min read

Rectification of Name (Section 16)

# Rectification of Name (Section 16)

Section 16 deals with situations where a company's registered name is identical with or too nearly resembles (a) the name of another existing company, or (b) a registered trade mark.

## Two Routes for Rectification

### Route 1: Central Government Acts Suo Motu

  • The Central Government, on its own opinion, gives directions to the company to rectify its name where the registered name is identical with or too nearly resembles the name of an existing company.
  • The company shall change its name within 3 months from the date of CG's notice by passing an ordinary resolution.

### Route 2: Application by Registered Trade Mark Proprietor

  • The registered proprietor of a trade mark may make an application to the Central Government claiming that the company name is identical with or too nearly resembles his existing trade mark.
  • Such application must be made within 3 years of incorporation or change of name of the company.
  • CG then directs the company to rectify its name based on this application.
  • The company shall change its name within 3 months from the date of CG's notice by passing an ordinary resolution.

## Notice of Change to Registrar

Where a company changes its name or obtains a new name (under Section 16), it shall, within 15 days of such change, give notice to the Registrar along with the CG's order. The Registrar carries out necessary changes in the Certificate of Incorporation and the Memorandum.

## Consequences of Default

If the company makes default in complying with the CG's direction:

### Allotment of New Name by CG

  • The Central Government shall allot a new name to the company in such manner as may be prescribed.
  • The Registrar enters the new name in the register in place of the old name.
  • A fresh certificate of incorporation with the new name is issued, which the company shall use thereafter.
  • However, the company can subsequently change this allotted name following Section 13 procedure.

### Penalty for Default

  • Company: Fine of ₹1,000 per day during which the default continues.
  • Every officer in default: Fine not less than ₹5,000 but may extend to ₹1,00,000.

## Summary Table

AspectDetail
Time to change name after CG notice3 months
Resolution requiredOrdinary resolution
Trade mark proprietor's window to applyWithin 3 years of incorporation/change of name
Notice to ROC after changeWithin 15 days
Default fine on company₹1,000 per day of default
Officer in default fine₹5,000 to ₹1,00,000

Worked example

### Example 1

Example: 'XYZ Tech Ltd.' was incorporated on 1.1.2024. On 1.6.2027, a registered trade mark proprietor of 'XYZ' brand files an application with CG for rectification. Is the application maintainable?

Answer: No. The trade mark proprietor must apply within 3 years of incorporation or change of name. Here, the application is filed 3 years 5 months after incorporation — therefore not maintainable.

### Example 2

Example: ABC Ltd. received a CG direction on 1.1.2026 to rectify its name. The company failed to act within 3 months. What follows?

Answer: The Central Government shall allot a new name to ABC Ltd. The Registrar will issue a fresh certificate of incorporation with the new name. Additionally, the company is liable to a fine of ₹1,000 per day of default and every officer in default is liable to a fine of ₹5,000 to ₹1,00,000.

### Example 3

Example: A company changed its name under Section 16. Within how many days must it notify the Registrar?

Answer: Within 15 days from the date of such change, along with the CG order.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Confusing the resolution under Section 16 (ordinary resolution) with that under Section 13 (special resolution).
  • Missing the 3-year limitation window for a trade mark proprietor to apply for rectification.
  • Confusing the 15-day notice-to-ROC period (Section 16) with the 30-day MGT-14 filing (Section 13).
  • Assuming the company cannot change the name once CG allots a new name — it actually CAN change subsequently under Section 13.
Bare-Act text Section 16 · The Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Where a company changes its name or obtains a new name, it shall within a period of 15 days from the date of such change, give notice of the change to the Registrar along with the order of the Central Government, who shall carry out necessary changes in the certificate of incorporation and the memorandum.
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