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Microlesson · 5-min read

Section 32 - Red Herring Prospectus

# Section 32 — Red Herring Prospectus

## Definition

A "red herring prospectus" is a prospectus which does NOT include complete particulars of the quantum or price of the securities included therein.

## Purpose

The Red Herring Prospectus (RHP) concept was introduced to facilitate the Book Building method for public issue of securities — where price/quantum is determined through bidding rather than fixed beforehand.

## Provisions of Section 32

### (1) Issue Prior to Prospectus

A company proposing to make an offer of securities may issue an RHP prior to the issue of a prospectus.

### (2) Filing with Registrar

The RHP shall be filed with the Registrar at least 3 days prior to the opening of the subscription list and the offer.

### (3) Same Obligations as Prospectus

  • RHP carries the same obligations as a prospectus.
  • Any variation between RHP and final prospectus shall be highlighted as variations in the prospectus.

### (4) Final Prospectus Post-Closure

Upon closing of the offer, a final prospectus must be filed with the Registrar and SEBI, stating:

  • Total capital raised (whether debt or share capital), AND
  • Closing price of securities, AND
  • Any other details not included in the RHP.

## Comparison: RHP vs Prospectus vs Shelf Prospectus

FeatureRHPProspectusShelf Prospectus
Price/quantumNot includedFully includedIncluded
Filing time3 days before subscriptionAt/before issueOnce for multiple issues
Used forBook building methodFixed-price issuesMultiple frequent issues
ValiditySingle issueSingle issueUp to 1 year

## Memory Aid

RHP = "3-day Red Flag" — File 3 days before subscription opens, and any variations from final prospectus must be "red-flagged" (highlighted).

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 1 — Timing of Filing: A company plans to open its IPO subscription on 20th June 2026 using the book-building method. What is the latest date by which the Red Herring Prospectus must be filed with the Registrar? Answer: RHP must be filed at least 3 days prior to opening of subscription, i.e., by 17th June 2026.

### Example 2

Example 2 — Post-Issue Filing: A company issued an RHP indicating a price band of ₹100–₹120 per share for 1 crore shares. After book-building, the discovered price is ₹115 and the issue raised ₹115 crores. Answer: After closure, the company must file a final prospectus with ROC and SEBI stating the total capital raised (₹115 crores), the closing/discovered price (₹115), and all details not in the RHP. Variations from RHP must be highlighted.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Forgetting the 3-day filing rule — students often confuse this with the 90-day issue window of Section 26.
  • Missing that RHP must be filed both with ROC AND SEBI after closure of offer.
  • Believing RHP has lesser obligations than a regular prospectus — actually carries the SAME obligations.
  • Confusing RHP with Shelf Prospectus — RHP is for one issue using book-building; Shelf Prospectus is for multiple issues over a year.
  • Forgetting the variation highlighting requirement when finalizing the prospectus.
Bare-Act text Section 32 of the Companies Act, 2013 · The Companies Act, 2013 · click to expand
Section 32 — Red Herring Prospectus: (1) A company proposing to make an offer of securities may issue a red herring prospectus prior to the issue of a prospectus. (2) A company proposing to issue a red herring prospectus shall file it with the Registrar at least three days prior to the opening of the subscription list and the offer. (3) A red herring prospectus shall carry the same obligations as are applicable to a prospectus and any variation between the red herring prospectus and a prospectus shall be highlighted as variations in the prospectus. (4) Upon closing of the offer of securities, the prospectus stating the total capital raised, the closing price and other details not included in the red herring prospectus shall be filed with the Registrar and SEBI.
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