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Microlesson · 5-min read

Audit of Cooperative Societies — Legal Framework and Basics

## Audit of Cooperative Societies

### Definition

A cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs through a jointly owned enterprise.

It is a business organisation that:

  • Pools all means of production co-operatively
  • Eliminates middlemen
  • Eliminates exploitation from outside forces

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### Law Governing Cooperative Societies

TypeGoverning Law
Cooperative Societies (general)Cooperative Societies Act, 1912 (Central Act)
Multi-State Cooperative SocietiesMulti-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002
State Cooperative SocietiesRespective State Acts (e.g., APCSA, TNCSA, MCSA)

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### Professional Services Rendered by CA to Cooperative Societies

  • Guidance in accounts writing
  • Installation of accounting system
  • Internal audit
  • Management accounting services
  • Taxation

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### Powers of the Registrar (Audit Power)

  • The Registrar shall audit or cause to be audited (by a person authorised by general or special order in writing) the accounts of every registered society at least once every year.
  • The Registrar and the Collector shall at all times have access to books, accounts, papers, and securities of a society.

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### Qualification of Auditor

Apart from a Chartered Accountant, some State Cooperative Acts also permit:

  • Persons with a government diploma in cooperative accounts and accountancy
  • Persons who have served as an auditor in the cooperative department of a government

> Note: This is broader than most other audit assignments where only a CA qualifies.

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### Appointment of Auditor

  • Appointed by the Registrar
  • Auditor submits report to the Registrar and the Society
  • Audit fees paid by the society as per the statutory scale of fees prescribed by the Registrar

Worked example

### Example 1

Q: What law governs a cooperative society operating in multiple states?

A cooperative society operating in multiple states is governed by the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002. Societies operating within a single state are governed by the respective State Cooperative Acts (e.g., Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act). The Cooperative Societies Act, 1912 is the central general law.

### Example 2

Q: Who can be appointed as auditor of a cooperative society?

The auditor is appointed by the Registrar. A Chartered Accountant can be appointed. Some State Acts also allow persons holding a government diploma in cooperative accounts or those who have previously served as an auditor in a government cooperative department. The audit fee is as per the statutory scale prescribed by the Registrar.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Assuming only a CA can audit a cooperative society — State Acts may allow diploma holders or government cooperative department ex-auditors.
  • Stating the auditor is appointed by the society's management — it is the Registrar who appoints.
  • Forgetting that audit must occur at least once EVERY YEAR — minimum frequency is fixed by law.
Bare-Act text Audit provisions (Section on Registrar's audit powers) · Cooperative Societies Act, 1912 · click to expand
The registrar shall audit or cause to be audited by some person authorised by him by a general or a special order in writing the accounts of every registered society once at least in every year.
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