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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 10 — Initial Measurement: Cost Components of PPE

## Initial Measurement — Cost of PPE under AS 10

On initial recognition, PPE is measured at cost. Cost includes all expenditure directly attributable to bringing the asset to its present location and condition for its intended use.

---

### Includable Cost Components

ComponentNotes
Purchase priceExclude refundable taxes (GST where ITC is available)
Site preparation costsTo prepare site before installation
Technician / supervisor salaryOnly for the installation/construction period
Transportation / freightCost to bring asset to site
Professional fees (architect, consultant)If directly attributable
Stamp duty & registration (land)Part of acquisition cost
Net demolishing expenseGross demolishing exp − Scrap income (excl. GST on scrap)
Depreciation on asset used for installatione.g., bulldozer depreciation added to building cost
Testing expensesPrior to asset being ready for use
Spare parts consumed during installation

---

### Excluded from Cost → Charged to P&L

ItemReason
GST (when ITC is available)Recoverable — not a cost
Abnormal lossesIncurred after asset was ready for use
Inter-company profit on servicesUnrealised profit — must be eliminated
Costs after asset is ready for usePost-capitalisation → revenue expense

---

### GST Treatment

  • ITC availableExclude GST from cost
  • ITC not availableInclude GST in cost

Back-calculation from GST-inclusive price:

```

Cost (excl. GST) = GST-inclusive amount × 100 ÷ (100 + GST rate%)

```

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### Net Demolishing Expense

When old structures are demolished to make way for new PPE:

```

Net Demolishing Expense = Gross demolishing expenditure − Scrap proceeds (excl. GST)

```

GST collected on scrap sale is payable to the government — it is NOT income; exclude it.

---

### Depreciation on Asset Used for Construction

If a PPE (e.g., bulldozer) is used to construct another PPE (e.g., building):

→ Depreciation on the bulldozer during the construction period is capitalised into the building's cost.

> Both are PPE; the bulldozer's depreciation is a direct cost of building the new asset.

Worked example

### Example 1

Illustration — Cost of Machinery (with GST Back-calculation)

Particulars
Purchase Price (incl. GST @ 12%): ₹1,58,34,000 × 100/1121,41,37,500
Site Preparation1,41,870
Technician's Salary (₹4,598 × 3 months)1,35,000
Transportation Costs55,770
Professional Fees of Architect30,000
Total Cost of Machinery1,45,00,140

Key notes:

  • GST excluded because ITC is available.
  • Inter-company profit of 10% on technician's fees is NOT added — unrealised profit eliminated.

### Example 2

Illustration — Cost of Plant (Labour allocation)

Particulars
Purchase Price ₹6,80,000 − GST ₹46,000 (ITC available)6,34,000
Site Preparation21,200
Labour charges (500 hrs ÷ total hrs × ₹56,000)22,400
Spare Parts consumed5,000
Supervisor's Salary (25% × ₹26,000)6,500
Technical cost (10% × ₹34,000)3,400
Testing Expenses18,000
Professional Fees of Architect11,000
Depreciation on asset used for installation12,000
Total Cost of Plant7,33,500

Labour allocated on proportion of hours: 500 hrs used for installation out of total working hours.

### Example 3

Illustration — Cost of Land (Demolishing + Stamp Duty)

Particulars₹ Lakhs
Purchase Price (5,000 acres × ₹60,000/acre)3,000.00
Net Demolishing Expense (see below)50.00
Stamp Duty & Registration (7% of ₹3,000 lakhs)210.00
Legal & Consultancy Fees8.00
Title Insurance1.25
Total Cost of Land3,269.25

Net Demolishing Expense:

Gross demolishing expenditure1,10,00,000
Less: Scrap sale (excl. GST 5%): ₹63,00,000 × 100/105(60,00,000)
Net Demolishing Expense50,00,000

GST of ₹3,00,000 on scrap sale is excluded — payable to government, not our income.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Including GST in cost when ITC is available — recoverable taxes must be deducted from purchase price.
  • Using full scrap income (incl. GST) when netting demolishing cost — only ex-GST scrap value reduces cost; GST collected belongs to the government.
  • Capitalising costs incurred after the asset was ready for use — post-ready costs are revenue expenses, not capital expenditure.
  • Capitalising abnormal losses (wastage, accidents) — these always go to P&L regardless of timing.
  • Not capitalising depreciation on a PPE used to construct another PPE — e.g., bulldozer depreciation during building construction IS part of the building's cost.
  • Adding inter-company profit on services to cost — unrealised profit on intra-group transactions must be eliminated.
Bare-Act text Paragraphs 7–14 (Measurement at Recognition) · AS 10 (Revised 2016) — Property, Plant and Equipment, ICAI · click to expand
The cost of an item of PPE comprises: (a) its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates; (b) any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management; and (c) the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located. Examples of directly attributable costs are: costs of employee benefits arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the item; costs of site preparation; initial delivery and handling costs; installation and assembly costs; costs of testing whether the asset is functioning properly; and professional fees.
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