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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 16 – Mixed Case: Specific Borrowings and General Borrowings Combined

## Mixed Borrowings – Overview

When a qualifying asset is funded partly by specific borrowings and partly by general borrowings, the two components are calculated independently and then added together.

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## How to Split Expenditures

Expenditure TrancheFunding Source
Up to the specific borrowing amountFunded by specific borrowings
Amount beyond specific borrowingsFunded by general borrowings

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## Step-by-Step Process

1. Calculate capitalisation rate for general borrowings (exclude specific borrowing from WACC)

2. Calculate specific borrowing interest = Specific loan amount × Rate × Time (less temporary investment income)

3. Calculate general borrowing interest = Each GB-funded expenditure tranche × Cap Rate × Months/12

4. Total = Specific BC + General BC

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## Diagram

```

Total Expenditure on QA

├── Funded by Specific Borrowing

│ → Actual Interest on Specific Loan (less temp investment income)

└── Funded by General Borrowings

→ Each Tranche × WACC × Time Fraction

```

Worked example

### Example 1

Mixed Borrowing — Full Illustration:

Specific Borrowing (01-Apr-Y1): ₹30 cr @ 10%

General Borrowings:

  • ICICI Bank (01-Apr-Y1): ₹100 cr @ 12%
  • HDFC Bank (01-Apr-Y1): ₹75 cr @ 14%
  • Kotak Bank (01-Jul-Y1): ₹125 cr @ 8%

Expenditures on qualifying asset:

  • 01-Apr-Y1: ₹50 cr → ₹30 cr from Specific, ₹20 cr from General
  • 01-Jul-Y1: ₹75 cr → from General
  • 01-Jan-Y2: ₹25 cr → from General

Construction: 01-Apr-Y1 to 31-Mar-Y2

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Step 1 – Capitalisation Rate (General Borrowings only):

Note: Kotak joins 01-Jul-Y1 → weight = 9/12

BankPrincipalWeighted PrincipalRateWeighted Interest
ICICI100100 × 12/12 = 10012%12.00
HDFC7575 × 12/12 = 7514%10.50
Kotak125125 × 9/12 = 93.758%7.50
Total268.7530.00

Cap Rate = 30.00 / 268.75 × 100 = 11.16% p.a.

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Step 2a – Specific Borrowing Interest Capitalised:

₹30 cr × 10% × 12/12 = ₹3.00 cr

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Step 2b – General Borrowing Interest Capitalised:

DateGB AmountRateMonthsBC (₹ cr)
01-Apr-Y120 cr11.16%12/122.23
01-Jul-Y175 cr11.16%9/126.28
01-Jan-Y225 cr11.16%3/120.70
GB Total9.21 cr

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Total Borrowing Cost Capitalised = 3.00 + 9.21 = ₹12.21 cr

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Applying the capitalisation rate to the full expenditure amount on Day 1 instead of only the general-borrowing-funded portion (i.e., expenditure minus specific borrowing amount)
  • Including the specific borrowing in the WACC calculation for general borrowings — specific loans must be excluded
  • Incorrectly splitting the first expenditure tranche: expenditure up to specific loan amount is funded by SB; only the excess is GB
  • Forgetting to time-weight the Kotak-type loan (mid-year addition) when calculating the capitalisation rate — use months/12 for both principal weight and interest
  • Double-counting: applying both specific interest AND capitalisation rate to the same ₹30 cr of expenditure
Reference:
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