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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 13 – Sale of Long-term Equity Investments: Cost Calculation and Profit/Loss

## Sale of Long-term Equity Investments under AS 13

### Step-by-Step Approach

Step 1: Build the total cost pool

```

Opening shares cost + Purchases during year + Bonus (₹0) + Right shares subscribed

– Pre-acquisition dividend received

= Total cost of ALL shares held before sale

```

Step 2: Calculate Weighted Average Cost per Share

$$\text{Avg cost per share} = \frac{\text{Total cost pool}}{\text{Total shares held}}$$

Step 3: Calculate Net Sale Proceeds

$$\text{Net SP} = \text{Gross sale price} - \text{Brokerage}$$

Step 4: Calculate Cost of Shares Sold

$$\text{Cost of shares sold} = \text{Shares sold} \times \text{Avg cost per share}$$

Step 5: Profit or Loss

$$\text{Profit/(Loss)} = \text{Net SP} - \text{Cost of shares sold}$$

---

### Cost of Acquisition — What to Include

IncludeExclude
Purchase pricePre-acquisition dividend received
BrokeragePost-acquisition dividend
Share transfer fees
Stamp duty

---

### Ledger Entry on Sale

```

CIB A/c Dr [Net SP] ← Amt column

To Investment A/c [Cost of shares sold] ← Amt column

To P&L (Profit on sale) [Profit] ← Div column (some formats)

```

If a loss:

```

CIB A/c Dr [Net SP]

P&L (Loss) Dr [Loss]

To Investment A/c [Cost of shares sold]

```

---

### When to Use FIFO vs Weighted Average

AS 13 does not mandate a specific cost formula. However, Weighted Average is the most commonly tested method at CA Inter. Use it unless the question specifies otherwise.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example – Sale After Bonus and Right Shares (Q21 CDR)

Data:

  • Opening: 15,000 shares @ ₹15 = ₹2,25,000
  • Purchase (01.06.Y1): 5,000 shares @ ₹20 = ₹1,00,000
  • Bonus (01.07.Y1): 4,000 shares @ ₹0
  • Right shares subscribed (01.09.Y1): 2,000 shares @ ₹12 = ₹24,000
  • Right shares renounced (2,000 shares): ₹19,000 → P&L (no impact on cost pool)
  • Pre-acq. dividend on current-year purchase: ₹7,500 (reduces cost pool; already adjusted)
  • Sold 13,000 shares @ ₹16.50, Brokerage 1%

Step 1 – Total cost pool:

```

Opening shares: 2,25,000

Purchases: 1,00,000

Bonus shares: 0

Right shares subscribed: 24,000

Less: Pre-acq. dividend: (7,500) [if applicable]

Total cost pool: 3,41,500 (or 3,49,000 if no pre-acq. adjustment)

```

(Using ₹3,49,000 as per lecture — depends on exact pre-acq. dividend application)

Step 2 – Avg cost per share:

```

Total shares = 15,000 + 5,000 + 4,000 + 2,000 = 26,000

Avg cost = 3,49,000 ÷ 26,000 = ₹13.038 per share

```

Step 3 – Net Sale Proceeds (13,000 shares):

```

Gross SP: 13,000 × 16.50 = 2,14,500

Brokerage: 2,14,500 × 1% = (2,145)

Net SP: 2,12,355

```

Step 4 – Cost of shares sold:

```

13,000 × 13.038 = ₹1,69,500 (rounded)

```

Step 5 – Profit:

```

2,12,355 − 1,69,500 = ₹42,855

```

Journal Entry:

```

CIB A/c Dr 2,12,355

To Investment A/c 1,69,500

To P&L (Profit) 42,855

```

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Using gross sale proceeds instead of net (after brokerage) for computing profit — always deduct brokerage from the sale price first.
  • Forgetting to add brokerage and share transfer fees to the acquisition cost — both increase the cost base.
  • Computing profit on total shares instead of only shares sold — always apply avg cost per share to the quantity sold.
  • Including renounced right share proceeds in the cost pool — renounced rights are P&L items; they do not enter the cost calculation.
  • Using face value instead of actual cost when computing weighted average — always use the actual rupee cost paid.
Bare-Act text Para 22 · AS 13 – Accounting for Investments · click to expand
Investments classified as long-term investments should be carried in the financial statements at cost. However, provision for diminution shall be made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments, such reduction being determined and made for each investment individually.
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