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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 13 – Partial Sale of Investments: Weighted Average vs FIFO

## Partial Sale of Investments – Cost Assignment (AS 13)

### The Problem

When the same security (e.g., 12% debentures of Company X) is purchased at different dates and different prices, and later only part of the holding is sold, we must determine which cost to use for the units sold.

AS 13 recognises two acceptable methods:

MethodWhen to Use
Weighted AverageDefault method under AS 13
FIFOOnly when the question specifically instructs FIFO

### Weighted Average Method

$$\text{Weighted Average Cost per Unit} = \frac{\text{Total Cost of All Units Held}}{\text{Total Number of Units Held}}$$

$$\text{Carrying Amount of Units Sold} = \text{Units Sold} \times \text{WA Cost per Unit}$$

$$\text{Carrying Amount Remaining} = \text{Total Cost} - \text{Carrying Amount of Units Sold}$$

### FIFO Method

Assumes the earliest-purchased units are sold first. Each lot retains its original purchase cost until fully exhausted.

### Practical Rule for Exams

  • Default = Weighted Average. Do not switch to FIFO unless the question explicitly says so.
  • After a sale, recompute the weighted average cost for the remaining holding — the new average applies to any future sales.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example 7 (Illustrative – from note Eg7):

Holding at different dates:

DateUnitsCost per UnitTotal Cost
01.04.Y15,000₹105₹5,25,000
01.09.Y13,000₹110₹3,30,000
Total8,000₹8,55,000

On 01.01.Y2, sold 4,000 units at ₹115 each.

Weighted Average Method:

WA Cost = ₹8,55,000 ÷ 8,000 = ₹106.875 per unit

Carrying amount of 4,000 sold = 4,000 × ₹106.875 = ₹4,27,500

Profit = (4,000 × ₹115) − ₹4,27,500 = ₹4,60,000 − ₹4,27,500 = ₹32,500

FIFO Method (if specified):

First 4,000 units come from the 01.04.Y1 lot (cost ₹105 each)

Carrying amount = 4,000 × ₹105 = ₹4,20,000

Profit = ₹4,60,000 − ₹4,20,000 = ₹40,000

Note: The two methods give different profits — FIFO shows higher profit here because older (cheaper) cost is written off first.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Defaulting to FIFO without checking whether the question mandates it — AS 13's default is Weighted Average.
  • Using the face value instead of the actual cost per unit in the weighted average calculation.
  • Not recomputing the weighted average after each purchase before applying it to a sale.
  • Mixing interest accrued (which belongs to an income account) into the weighted average cost calculation.
Reference:
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