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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 3 – Income Tax, Insurance Claims, Non-Cash Transactions, and Gross Reporting

## Special Topics under AS 3

### 1. Income Tax in Cash Flow Statement

Tax is classified based on the income it relates to:

Tax relates toClassification
Operating incomeOperating
Investing incomeInvesting
Financing incomeFinancing
Not specified in questionOperating (default)

> Default Rule: If the question mentions income tax but does not specify which activity it relates to, treat the entire tax payment as Operating cash flow.

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### 2. Insurance Claims Received

Insurance claim for loss ofClassification
Stock / InventoryOperating (current asset — part of operations)
Fixed Assets (PPE)Investing (long-term asset)

> AS 3 Note: Insurance claims received are treated as extraordinary cash flows. Separate disclosure of such items is required in the cash flow statement.

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### 3. Non-Cash Transactions — Exclude from CFS

Transactions that do not involve cash or cash equivalents must be excluded from the Cash Flow Statement. They are disclosed separately as supplementary information.

Examples:

  • Issue of Bonus Shares (no cash involved)
  • Acquisition of PPE in exchange for shares (asset-for-equity swap)
  • Conversion of debt into equity

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### 4. Gross vs Net Reporting

AS 3 prohibits netting of cash receipts and payments. All cash flows must be shown on a gross basis.

Example:

  • Machine purchased for ₹50,000 → show as outflow ₹50,000
  • Furniture sold for ₹10,000 → show as inflow ₹10,000
  • These must not be netted to show a single ₹40,000 outflow.

> Exception: Certain financial institution transactions with rapid turnover and large volumes may be reported net (e.g., short-term bank customer deposits).

Worked example

### Example 1

Income tax allocation: Company pays total tax of ₹15L. Of this, ₹2L is on capital gains from sale of machinery. → ₹2L → Investing outflow; ₹13L → Operating outflow. If the question only says 'income tax paid ₹15L' with no split → entire ₹15L → Operating.

### Example 2

Insurance claim: Factory fire destroys (a) raw material stock worth ₹5L and (b) a machine worth ₹8L. Insurance pays ₹12L. Split: ₹5L relating to stock → Operating inflow; ₹7L relating to machine → Investing inflow (limited to machine loss; excess/shortfall goes to P&L, not CFS separately).

### Example 3

Non-cash transaction: Company issues 1,00,000 bonus shares by capitalising reserves. → Exclude from CFS. Disclose as supplementary note: 'Bonus shares of ₹10L issued by capitalisation of general reserve — non-cash transaction.'

### Example 4

Gross reporting: During the year, company purchased investments for ₹30L and sold investments for ₹18L. → Show two separate lines: 'Purchase of investments (₹30L)' and 'Sale proceeds from investments ₹18L'. Do NOT net to show ₹12L outflow.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Netting investment purchases and sales into a single line — AS 3 mandates gross presentation of each separately.
  • Including bonus share issue in the financing section — non-cash transactions are excluded from the CFS body entirely.
  • Treating entire insurance receipt as Investing — split by the asset lost: inventory loss → Operating, fixed asset loss → Investing.
  • Defaulting income tax to Investing when the question mentions 'tax on profit on sale of asset' — only that portion moves to Investing; the rest stays Operating.
Bare-Act text Paras 44–46 – Non-cash transactions and disclosure · AS 3 – Cash Flow Statements · click to expand
An enterprise should disclose the components of cash and cash equivalents and should present a reconciliation of the amounts in its cash flow statement with the equivalent items reported in the balance sheet. Non-cash investing and financing transactions should be excluded from a cash flow statement. Such transactions should be disclosed elsewhere in the financial statements.
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