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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 13 – Year-End Treatment: Interest Accrual, Ledger Closing, and P&L Transfer

## AS 13: Year-End Treatment of the Investment Interest Column

### Why Year-End Needs Special Treatment

Interest due dates (e.g., 30 June and 31 December) rarely coincide with the accounting year-end (31 March). At year-end, interest has accrued but not yet fallen due, and this accrual must be properly captured.

### Three Situations at Year-End

#### 1. Opening Balance

If investments were held at the prior year-end, accrued interest will appear in Balance b/d (Interest column). This represents interest that was carried forward from the previous year.

  • Do NOT recompute it from scratch — simply bring it in as the opening debit balance

#### 2. On Purchase During the Year

Interest deducted from cum-int price is calculated from last due date to date of purchase — not from year-start.

#### 3. At Year-End (Closing)

Step-by-step closing procedure:

```

Step 1: Identify closing NV (after all purchases and sales)

Step 2: Identify last interest due date before year-end

Step 3: Count months from last due date to year-end date

Step 4: Compute accrued interest = Closing NV × Rate% × Months/12

Step 5: Enter as → By Balance c/d (Interest column) on credit side

Step 6: Balance the Interest column → shortfall on Dr side = net interest income

Step 7: Transfer net interest income → Dr Investment A/c (Int col), Cr P&L A/c

Step 8: Accrued interest in Balance c/d becomes Balance b/d (Interest col) next year

```

### What Appears in Balance c/d

ColumnBalance c/d Represents
NVFace value of securities still held
InterestAccrued interest from last due date to year-end (interest receivable)
CostFIFO cost of securities still held

### Special Rule: Transaction and Due Date on Same Day

When a purchase or sale occurs on the same date as an interest due date:

1. First: Process the purchase or sale transaction

2. Then: Record the interest on the due date

This matters because the number of units changes after the transaction, which affects the interest calculation.

Worked example

### Example 1

Year-End Accrual Calculation – 31.03.22 (CDR Q19 – 15% Debentures)

At 31.03.22:

  • Closing NV of debentures held = ₹1,80,000
  • Interest rate = 15% p.a.
  • Last interest due date = 31.12.21
  • Months from 31.12.21 to 31.03.22 = 3 months (Jan, Feb, Mar)

Accrued Interest = ₹1,80,000 × 15% × 3/12 = ₹6,750

Entry in ledger:

  • By Balance c/d (Interest column): ₹6,750

Next year's opening entry:

  • To Balance b/d (Interest column): ₹6,750

### Example 2

Closing the Interest Column and P&L Transfer – CDR Q19

Interest column summary for year ended 31.03.22:

Debit side (Interest paid / opening accrued):

  • Opening Bal b/d: ₹7,500
  • Purchase 01.05.21 (accrued int paid): ₹5,000
  • Purchase 30.11.21 (accrued int paid): ₹5,000
  • To P&L (Trf of Int — balancing figure): ₹37,250
  • Total: ₹54,750

Credit side (Interest received / accruing):

  • 30.06.21 Due date: ₹22,500
  • 01.11.21 Sale interest received: ₹6,000
  • 31.12.21 Interest: ₹13,500
  • 01.03.22 Sale interest: ₹150
  • 31.03.22 Bal c/d (accrued): ₹6,750
  • By CIB (01.03.22 sale): ₹150
  • Total: ₹54,750

Net interest income transferred to P&L = ₹37,250

### Example 3

Year-End Accrual – 9% Government Securities (CDR Q19 Variant, 31.03.22)

Closing NV = ₹? (after all sales)

Last due date = 31.12.21 → 3 months to 31.03.22

Formula: Closing NV × 9% × 3/12

For opening year context: opening accrued int was ₹2,250

= 1,00,000 × 9% × 3/12 (3 months from 31.12.20 to 31.03.21)

This confirms interest due dates are 30 June and 31 December for these securities.

Year-end accrual = Closing NV × 9% × 3/12 → carried to Balance c/d (Int col)

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Computing year-end accrual on opening NV instead of closing NV (after all purchases and sales) — overstates or understates accrual
  • Not bringing forward opening accrued interest in Balance b/d — causes double-deduction when that interest is received on the next due date
  • Transferring the gross interest received to P&L instead of the net (after deducting interest paid on purchases and adjusting for opening/closing accruals)
  • Counting months to year-end from the start of the financial year instead of from the last interest due date
  • Carrying accrued interest in a separate Accrued Interest A/c rather than in the Interest column of the Investment A/c — the three-column format keeps it all in one account
Reference:
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