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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 10 PPE — Pro-rata Depreciation on Multiple Assets and Profit/Loss on Disposal

# Pro-rata Depreciation and Disposal of PPE — AS 10

## Pro-rata (Time-Proportionate) Depreciation

Depreciation is charged only for the period the asset is owned during the year.

$$\text{Depreciation} = \text{Cost} \times \text{Annual Rate} \times \frac{\text{Months Held}}{12}$$

How to determine months held:

  • Assets held all year → 12 months
  • Assets sold during year → months from year-start to sale date
  • Assets purchased during year → months from purchase date to year-end

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## Profit/Loss on Disposal

$$\text{Loss/(Gain) on Disposal} = \text{Carrying Amount at Sale Date} - \text{Sale Proceeds}$$

Where Carrying Amount at Sale Date = Original Cost − Total Accumulated Depreciation (including depreciation for the partial period up to sale date).

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## Question 10 — Multiple Machines (FY 2022-23, Rate = 10% SLM)

Period: 01/04/2022 to 31/03/2023

#MachineCost (₹)StatusPeriod HeldDepreciation (₹)
1Opening stock9,60,000Sold 30/06/223 months9,60,000 × 10% × 3/12 = 24,000
2Opening stock46,70,000Held all year12 months46,70,000 × 10% × 12/12 = 4,67,000
3Purchased 01/06/2221,12,000Held rest of year10 months21,12,000 × 10% × 10/12 = 1,76,000
4Purchased 01/07/2215,65,000Held rest of year9 months15,65,000 × 10% × 9/12 = 1,17,375
Total7,84,375

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## Book Value of Machinery as at 31/03/2023

#Cost (₹)Depr for Year (₹)CA on 31/03/23 (₹)Note
19,60,00024,0009,36,000Sold — derecognised
246,70,0004,67,00042,03,000
321,12,0001,76,00019,36,000
415,65,0001,17,37514,47,625
75,86,625Net CA on 31/03/23

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## Loss on Sale — Machine 1 (Sold 30/06/22)

Cost on 01/04/229,60,000
Less: Depreciation (3 months, Apr–Jun)24,000
Carrying Amount on 30/06/229,36,000
Sale Proceeds8,25,000
Loss on Sale → P&L1,11,000

Worked example

### Example 1

Q10 — Depreciation Calculation for 4 Machines

FY 2022-23, SLM @ 10%:

  • Machine 1 (₹9,60,000, sold 30/06/22): 9,60,000 × 10% × 3/12 = ₹24,000
  • Machine 2 (₹46,70,000, full year): 46,70,000 × 10% = ₹4,67,000
  • Machine 3 (₹21,12,000, bought 01/06/22 — 10 months): 21,12,000 × 10% × 10/12 = ₹1,76,000
  • Machine 4 (₹15,65,000, bought 01/07/22 — 9 months): 15,65,000 × 10% × 9/12 = ₹1,17,375
  • Total depreciation to P&L = ₹7,84,375

### Example 2

Q10 — Loss on Sale of Machine 1

Cost = ₹9,60,000; sold 30/06/22 after 3 months.

  • Depr to date = ₹24,000
  • CA on sale date = ₹9,36,000
  • SP = ₹8,25,000
  • Loss on sale = ₹1,11,000 → P&L

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Charging a full year's depreciation on an asset sold or purchased mid-year instead of computing it pro-rata.
  • Using original cost (instead of CA at sale date) to compute profit/loss on disposal.
  • Forgetting to include depreciation for the partial period up to the sale date before computing the CA at sale date.
  • Including the sold machine's CA in the closing balance of machinery instead of removing it from the asset register.
Bare-Act text Paragraph 67 · AS 10 — Property, Plant and Equipment (Revised), ICAI · click to expand
The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item and shall be recognised in profit or loss when the item is derecognised.
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