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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 2 – Net Realisable Value (NRV) for FG, WIP, and Raw Materials

## NRV Calculation by Inventory Type

### 1. Finished Goods (FG) NRV

$$\text{NRV of FG} = \text{Estimated Selling Price} - \text{Estimated Cost to Make the Sale}$$

Cost to make the sale includes: commission, brokerage, packaging, delivery/distribution costs.

### 2. Work in Progress (WIP) NRV

$$\text{NRV of WIP} = \text{SP of FG} - \text{Estimated Cost of Completion} - \text{Estimated Cost to Make the Sale}$$

Logic: WIP has not yet been completed or sold — so we estimate what it would fetch if fully processed and sold.

### 3. Raw Material (RM) NRV — Special Rule

RM is not sold directly; it is consumed to make FG. So RM NRV depends on whether the FG makes a profit:

FG SituationRM Valuation
FG sold at or above costRM valued at Cost
FG sold below cost (FG NRV < FG Cost)RM valued at Replacement Cost

Replacement Cost = Amount the entity would have to pay TODAY to replace/repurchase that asset at current market price.

> Replacement cost is NOT the same as original cost. It is the current repurchase price in the market.

Worked example

### Example 1

WIP NRV (Illus 8):

WIP cost incurred: ₹530

SP of FG: ₹750 | Cost of completion: ₹310 | Cost of sale (brokerage): ₹30

NRV = 750 − 310 − 30 = ₹410

WIP value = lower of cost ₹530 and NRV ₹410 = ₹410

### Example 2

WIP NRV (Page 10 example):

Cost incurred: ₹150 | SP of FG: ₹250 | Cost of completion: ₹100 | Selling cost: ₹20

NRV = 250 − 100 − 20 = ₹130

WIP value = lower of ₹150 and ₹130 = ₹130

### Example 3

RM Valuation (FG above cost):

FG cost ₹100, FG NRV ₹110 (above cost) → FG profitable

RM cost ₹20, Replacement cost ₹18 → RM valued at cost ₹20

### Example 4

RM Valuation (FG below cost):

FG cost ₹100, FG NRV ₹90 (below cost) → FG at loss

RM cost ₹20, Replacement cost ₹18 → RM valued at replacement cost ₹18

### Example 5

Ques 12 — Full Problem:

FG cost ₹295, SP ₹280, cost of sale ₹14 → FG NRV = 280 − 14 = ₹266 < cost → FG below cost

RM cost ₹100, Replacement ₹80 → RM at ₹80 (since FG below cost)

WIP cost ₹245; NRV = 280 − 50 (completion) − 14 (sale) = ₹216

FG value = ₹266 | WIP value = ₹216 | RM value = ₹80

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Valuing RM at replacement cost even when FG is sold at or above cost — replacement cost applies ONLY when FG is below cost
  • Forgetting to deduct BOTH cost of completion AND selling costs for WIP NRV
  • Using selling price directly as NRV without any deductions
  • Applying FG NRV formula to WIP — WIP needs completion cost deducted additionally
  • Confusing 'Replacement Cost' (current market repurchase price) with 'Net Realisable Value' (selling price minus selling costs)
Bare-Act text Para 4, Para 24 · AS 2 – Valuation of Inventories · click to expand
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Raw materials and other supplies held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. However, when a decline in the price of raw materials indicates that the cost of the finished products will exceed net realisable value, the raw materials are written down to net realisable value. In such circumstances, the replacement cost of the raw materials may be the best available measure of their net realisable value.
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