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Microlesson · 5-min read

AS 20 – EPS for Continuing vs. Discontinued Operations

## EPS — Continuing Operations vs. Discontinued Operations

### The Core Rule

When a company has both continuing and discontinued operations, the dilutive/anti-dilutive test for PES is conducted exclusively on profit/loss from continuing operations. The result of that test then applies uniformly to all EPS figures.

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### Why Test Only on Continuing Operations?

Discontinued operations are by definition winding down and will not persist. The standard focuses on the ongoing economic engine of the business. Using continuing operations as the control number prevents distortion caused by one-time disposal gains or losses in discontinued segments.

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### Step-by-Step Process

Step 1 — Compute Basic EPS for continuing operations only:

$$\text{Basic EPS (cont.)} = \frac{\text{Profit from Continuing Operations}}{\text{WANES}}$$

Step 2 — Test dilutive/anti-dilutive using continuing operations earnings only:

$$\text{Test Diluted EPS} = \frac{\text{Profit from Continuing Ops}}{\text{WANES + Potential Equity Shares}}$$

  • If Test Diluted EPS < Basic EPS (cont.) → PES are Dilutive → use expanded denominator for ALL EPS
  • If Test Diluted EPS > Basic EPS (cont.) → PES are Anti-Dilutive → exclude from all EPS

Step 3 — Apply decision consistently to all figures:

If dilutive, compute:

  • Diluted EPS (continuing operations) using adjusted WANES
  • Diluted EPS (total/combined) using the same adjusted WANES
  • Even if the combined diluted EPS appears anti-dilutive at the total level, still report it — the denominator is locked in by the continuing ops test.

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### Reporting Requirement

Both Basic EPS and Diluted EPS must be presented for:

1. Continuing operations

2. Discontinued operations (or the combined total)

This holds regardless of whether the discontinued operations result appears anti-dilutive — if the dilution test on continuing ops says dilutive, the diluted denominator is used everywhere.

Worked example

### Example 1

Example — Continuing vs. Discontinued Operations (Pages 30–31)

Given:

  • Profit from continuing operations = ₹1,00,000
  • Loss from discontinued operations = ₹25,000 (net combined = ₹75,000)
  • WANES = 10,000 shares
  • Warrants (free component only) = 2,000 potential shares (NIL numerator effect)

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Step 1 — Basic EPS (continuing only)

= 1,00,000 / 10,000 = ₹10.00 per share

Step 2 — Test Dilutive on Continuing Ops Only

= 1,00,000 / (10,000 + 2,000) = 1,00,000 / 12,000 = ₹8.33 per share

8.33 < 10.00 → Dilutive ✓ → Use 12,000 shares for ALL EPS figures

Step 3 — Report All EPS

FigureBasic (10,000 shares)Diluted (12,000 shares)
Continuing ops₹10.00₹8.33
Discontinued ops−₹2.50−₹2.08
Total (combined)₹7.50₹6.25

### Example 2

Example 018 — Full Problem (Page 32)

Given:

  • Profit from continuing operations = ₹2,40,000
  • Combined profit (continuing + discontinued) = ₹1,20,000

(Implying: loss from discontinued ops = ₹1,20,000)

  • WANES = 1,000 shares
  • Potential equity shares (free component of warrants) = 200 shares (NIL numerator)

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Basic EPS (continuing) = 2,40,000 / 1,000 = ₹240

Dilution test (continuing ops only):

= 2,40,000 / (1,000 + 200) = 2,40,000 / 1,200 = ₹200

200 < 240 → Dilutive → Adjusted WANES = 1,200 for ALL figures

Reporting:

Basic (1,000 shares)Diluted (1,200 shares)
Continuing ops EPS₹240₹200
Combined EPS₹120₹100

Key note: Even though the combined figures here happen to also show dilution (₹100 < ₹120), the rule requires reporting combined diluted EPS regardless — even if the combined result were anti-dilutive, it must still be reported because the dilutive determination was made at the continuing ops level.

⚠️ Common exam mistakes

  • Testing dilutive/anti-dilutive on TOTAL profit (continuing + discontinued) instead of continuing operations profit alone — always use only the continuing ops profit as the control number.
  • Refusing to report diluted EPS for combined operations when the combined figure appears anti-dilutive — once PES are classified dilutive via the continuing ops test, the expanded denominator applies to all reported EPS.
  • Using separate denominators for continuing and combined EPS — once the dilutive test is done, the adjusted WANES (including PES) is used uniformly for all EPS computations in that period.
  • Omitting the discontinued operations EPS entirely — AS 20 requires separate disclosure for both continuing and discontinued (or combined) operations.
Bare-Act text Paragraphs 43 and 52 · AS 20 – Earnings Per Share (ICAI) · click to expand
An entity should use net profit or loss from continuing ordinary activities as the control number to establish whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive or anti-dilutive. Net profit or loss from continuing ordinary activities is the net profit or loss from ordinary activities after deducting preference dividends, and adjusted to exclude items relating to discontinued operations. Diluted earnings per share should be calculated for continuing operations and for the total net profit or loss. Once it is established that potential ordinary shares are dilutive, they should be included in the calculation of diluted EPS for both continuing operations and total operations, even if including them in the total calculation is anti-dilutive.
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